Uncertainties in physics experiments and measurement and their solutions?

Uncertainties:-

Uncertainty is the situation which involves imperfect  or unknown  information.

There are three kinds of uncertainties commonly known today.

I)Absolute uncertainty

ii)Fractional uncertainty

iii)Percentage uncertainty

i)Absolute Uncertainty:-

• ·         Usually called absolute error

• ·         Usually the range of values in which the” true value” lies.

• ·         It is related to the least count of the measuring instrument.

• ·         Has the same unit as that of the value.

Least Count of the some measuring instrument is given as;

i)                    L.C of Meter Rod is 0.1cm

ii)                   L.C of Vernier  caliper is 0.01cm

iii)                 L.C of Screw Gauge is 0.001cm

Precision:-

• It is the minimum value that the device can measure.

• A device with less precision is more precise

e.g :Screw Gauge has least precision ,so it is more precise device

ii)Fractional Uncertainty:-

• ·         Also known as percentage uncertainty

• ·         It is the ratio of L.C to the mean value or measured value

• ·         It has no unit

Formula:-

Fractional Uncertainty= L.C/M.V

iii)Percentage Uncertainty:-

The percentage uncertainty can be interpreted as describing the uncertainty that would result if the measured value had been 100 units.

• ·         It has no units

• ·         It is the ratio of L.C to the mean value or measured value multiply by 100

Formula:-

Percentage Uncertainty= L.C/M.V * 100