Proteins can be broken down to amino acids by a process called proteolysis.
The amino acids can be converted to pyruvate, acetyl CoA and intermediates
of the Krebs cycle after their amino group is removed by deamination.
This produces ammonia which can be converted into urea and excreted by the
kidneys.
The
reactions that yield energy by converting amino acids into pyruvates,
acetyl CoA, and intermediates of the Krebs cycle are reversible. This means
that carbohydrates and fats can be used to synthesize amino acids. Not all
amino acids can be synthesized, however, and these are required in the diet
as essential amino acids.
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